Notwithstanding the multifactorial causes, it is believed that the appearance of ectopic endometrial implants in the peritoneal cavity is possible due to immunological surveillance disturbances that allow for the survival of abnormal tissues which would otherwise be naturally eliminated. It is believed that the development of endometriosis is influenced by both hereditary factors and the effect of the environment, as well as by processes secondarily induced by endometriosis lesions. Despite the publication of many studies, the pathogenesis of endometriosis has still not been fully explained. Annual morbidity has been estimated at 1– women. Affecting approximately 2–10% of women of childbearing age, it can extend symptoms and complications to the postmenopausal period. Endometriosis as an Immunological ConditionĮndometriosis is a chronic and inflammatory gynecological disorder in women of reproductive age. Expanding the arsenal of endometriosis treatment by immunotherapy is promising due to the significant contribution of immunological factors and the limitations of current treatment methods.ġ. NK cells are responsible for the surveillance and apoptosis of ectopic cells. Moreover, due to the significant successes of immunotherapy in oncology, the possibility of immunotherapy affecting NK cells has been postulated. Among the promising methods of non-specific immunotherapy is the administration of an ethiodized oil contrast. Numerous immunotherapy trials, including vaccines, were conducted on animals only, although the research is encouraging. A key issue is whether a similar effect can be achieved for fertility with non-invasive immunotherapy where surgery is inadvisable or cannot be performed for various reasons. The removal of endometriosis has a therapeutic effect, normalizes the immune disorders, and remains the most effective causative treatment in terms of pain and infertility. Moreover, hypoxia concomitant with inflammation causes a disturbed immune response. In endometriosis, shifts in the cell fractions of the immune system are well known. Due to the distinct immune component, an immunotherapeutic approach may gain importance in the future. Patients suffer from pain and fertility reduction. Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological and systemic diseases, with a remarkable immune background.
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